In the tenth and eleventh centuries, with multiple church reforms and theological renaissances took place, from the Gregorian Reforms to the Protestant Reformation. As the common people became more involved with the church, many wanted to spread their shared ideology with others, creating divides between different religious groups. The crusades mobilized a force of thousands of Christians to wage war in the name of their God, religious fanatics devoted to their faith. Yet, while others turned to violence, scholars used logic to defend their theological beliefs. It became a powerful weapon in the battle of ideologies in the middle ages, serving as an intellectual reflection of the religious wars throughout the era. In the middle ages, the existence of God was absolute. “But scholars like Anselm of Bec were not satisfied by belief alone. Anselm’s faith, as he put it, ‘sought understanding.’ He emptied his mind of all concepts except that of God and then, using the tools of logic, proved ...